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space in the international space station

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offers researchers like me an

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opportunity to find the key variables to

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crystal growth my experiment is unique

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from other protein crystal growth

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experiments in that rather than getting

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large single crystals I'm interested in

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crystal and suspensions and these

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crystal and suspensions have

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applications such as manufacturing drug

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delivery formulation storage these are

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all problems of delivering these

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monoclonal antibody therapeutics one of

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the big problems with monoclonal

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antibodies even though they're very good

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drugs and they've been approved for

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cancer multiple sclerosis osteoporosis a

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number of serious life-threatening

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diseases is that they're very insoluble

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and so they're difficult to deliver one

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of the big problems is is that they

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usually have to be given as a constant

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infusion in a hospital setting over

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several hours and this impacts not only

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the patient but as a big impact on

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caregivers and we're hoping that we

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could come up with a crystal and

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suspension that you can take as a single

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injection in a doctor's office not only

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reducing the cost but but reducing the

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the time and pain and effort that a

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patient and caregivers have to do to

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deliver these products so where are we

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with that we on earth or in the process

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of making concentrated crystal and

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suspensions and we're hoping that

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microgravity because we get reduced

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sedimentation that we get reduced

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convection currents and reduce molecular

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motion that this will translate into

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larger pure more uniform suspensions and

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i want to emphasize uniform because for

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drug delivery it's very important that

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you have each individual particle

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has a predictable dissolution rate to

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make our drugs as effective as unsafe as

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possible our experiment has flown on

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SpaceX 3 as well as space X 6 from space

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x3 we're very happy to say that we got

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crystals that were larger in higher

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yield this was our proof of concept

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flight and we're very happy to see that

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this really mimicked the results that we

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had gotten from our earlier space

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shuttle missions and this was the

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predictable results we were hoping for

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and it gives us the confidence to go

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forward we just recently flown on SpaceX

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six and we got crystals back from that

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we're in the process of analyzing that

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and we're looking forward to SpaceX 9

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and SpaceX 9 we hope that we can finally

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make crystals and crystal and

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suspensions in the quantity that we need

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to do the analysis that we want to do to

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really figure out what are the key

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variables for making really high quality

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preparation suitable for pharmaceutical

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applications and I have to say that I

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guess surprises a lot of people because

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i never get exactly what i'm thinking

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i'm going to get from these experiments

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and I always learn from that I always

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tell people that I've learned how better

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to grow crystals on earth by growing in

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the microgravity because the focus of

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the efforts that I have to put in to

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make these experiments work forces me

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and forces our team to focus on the